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August 01, 2022

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Diuretics - Pharmacology


 Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:

 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule

 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Methyclothiazide, Metolazone

 

Loop diuretics:

 • Inhibit Na+K+Cl2- cotransporter in thick ascending limb

 • Bumetanide, Furosemide, Ethacrynate, Torsemide, Piretanide

 

Potassium sparing diuretics:

 • Inhibit Na+ reabsorption in the collecting duct

 • Amiloride, Spironolactone (Aldactone), Triamterene

 

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors:

 • Inhibit Na+ and HC03- in the proximal tubule

 • Acetazolamide, Methazolamide

 

Osmotic diuretics:

 • Promote Na+ and water loss through the nephron by excretion of non-reabsorbable filtrate

 • Glycerin (Glycerol), Isosorbide, Mannitol, Urea


Vasopressin receptor antagonists (also called Vaptans):

 • Aquaretics (not a diuretic as no effect on sodium reabsorption)-promote water excretion by inhibiting antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-mediated water reabsorption in the collecting duct

 

Satyendra Dhar, MD 

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